251 research outputs found
Nanoscale investigation of potential distribution in operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells
The distribution of the electrostatic potential in and between the materials in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells has a major impact on their superior performance. This thesis reported on the nanoscale imaging of the electrostatic potential on untreated cross sections of operating Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using Kelvin probe force microscopy
On (non-)monotonicity and phase diagram of finitary random interlacement
In this paper, we study the evolution of a Finitary Random Interlacement
(FRI) with respect to the expected length of each fiber. In contrast to the
previously proved phase transition between sufficiently large and small fiber
length, we show that for , FRI is NOT stochastically monotone as fiber
length increasing. At the same time, numerical evidences still strongly support
the existence of a unique and sharp phase transition on the existence of a
unique infinite cluster, while the critical value for phase transition is
estimated to be an inversely proportional function with respect to the system
intensity
Cross-CBAM: A Lightweight network for Scene Segmentation
Scene parsing is a great challenge for real-time semantic segmentation.
Although traditional semantic segmentation networks have made remarkable
leap-forwards in semantic accuracy, the performance of inference speed is
unsatisfactory. Meanwhile, this progress is achieved with fairly large networks
and powerful computational resources. However, it is difficult to run extremely
large models on edge computing devices with limited computing power, which
poses a huge challenge to the real-time semantic segmentation tasks. In this
paper, we present the Cross-CBAM network, a novel lightweight network for
real-time semantic segmentation. Specifically, a Squeeze-and-Excitation Atrous
Spatial Pyramid Pooling Module(SE-ASPP) is proposed to get variable
field-of-view and multiscale information. And we propose a Cross Convolutional
Block Attention Module(CCBAM), in which a cross-multiply operation is employed
in the CCBAM module to make high-level semantic information guide low-level
detail information. Different from previous work, these works use attention to
focus on the desired information in the backbone. CCBAM uses cross-attention
for feature fusion in the FPN structure. Extensive experiments on the
Cityscapes dataset and Camvid dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed Cross-CBAM model by achieving a promising trade-off between
segmentation accuracy and inference speed. On the Cityscapes test set, we
achieve 73.4% mIoU with a speed of 240.9FPS and 77.2% mIoU with a speed of
88.6FPS on NVIDIA GTX 1080Ti
Refining Wi-Fi Based Indoor Localization with Li-Fi Assisted Model Calibration in Smart Buildings
In recent years, there has been an increasing number of information
technologies utilized in buildings to advance the idea of "smart buildings".
Among various potential techniques, the use of Wi-Fi based indoor positioning
allows to locate and track smartphone users inside a building, therefore,
location-aware intelligent solutions can be applied to control and of building
operations. These location-aware indoor services (e.g., path finding, internet
of things, location based advertising) demand real-time accurate indoor
localization, which is a key issue to guarantee high quality of service in
smart buildings. This paper presents a new Wi-Fi based indoor localization
technique that achieves significantly improvement of indoor positioning
accuracy with the help of Li-Fi assisted coefficient calibration. The proposed
technique leverages indoor existing Li-Fi lighting and Wi-Fi infrastructure,
and results in a cost-effective and user-convenient indoor accurate
localization framework. In this work, experimental study and measurements are
conducted to verify the performance of the proposed idea. The results
substantiate the concept of refining Wi-Fi based indoor localization with Li-Fi
assisted computation calibration.Comment: International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building
Engineering (ICCCBE) 201
Unsupervised Sampling Promoting for Stochastic Human Trajectory Prediction
The indeterminate nature of human motion requires trajectory prediction
systems to use a probabilistic model to formulate the multi-modality phenomenon
and infer a finite set of future trajectories. However, the inference processes
of most existing methods rely on Monte Carlo random sampling, which is
insufficient to cover the realistic paths with finite samples, due to the long
tail effect of the predicted distribution. To promote the sampling process of
stochastic prediction, we propose a novel method, called BOsampler, to
adaptively mine potential paths with Bayesian optimization in an unsupervised
manner, as a sequential design strategy in which new prediction is dependent on
the previously drawn samples. Specifically, we model the trajectory sampling as
a Gaussian process and construct an acquisition function to measure the
potential sampling value. This acquisition function applies the original
distribution as prior and encourages exploring paths in the long-tail region.
This sampling method can be integrated with existing stochastic predictive
models without retraining. Experimental results on various baseline methods
demonstrate the effectiveness of our method
Modeling Long-term Dependencies and Short-term Correlations in Patient Journey Data with Temporal Attention Networks for Health Prediction
Building models for health prediction based on Electronic Health Records
(EHR) has become an active research area. EHR patient journey data consists of
patient time-ordered clinical events/visits from patients. Most existing
studies focus on modeling long-term dependencies between visits, without
explicitly taking short-term correlations between consecutive visits into
account, where irregular time intervals, incorporated as auxiliary information,
are fed into health prediction models to capture latent progressive patterns of
patient journeys. We present a novel deep neural network with four modules to
take into account the contributions of various variables for health prediction:
i) the Stacked Attention module strengthens the deep semantics in clinical
events within each patient journey and generates visit embeddings, ii) the
Short-Term Temporal Attention module models short-term correlations between
consecutive visit embeddings while capturing the impact of time intervals
within those visit embeddings, iii) the Long-Term Temporal Attention module
models long-term dependencies between visit embeddings while capturing the
impact of time intervals within those visit embeddings, iv) and finally, the
Coupled Attention module adaptively aggregates the outputs of Short-Term
Temporal Attention and Long-Term Temporal Attention modules to make health
predictions. Experimental results on MIMIC-III demonstrate superior predictive
accuracy of our model compared to existing state-of-the-art methods, as well as
the interpretability and robustness of this approach. Furthermore, we found
that modeling short-term correlations contributes to local priors generation,
leading to improved predictive modeling of patient journeys.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted at ACM BCB 202
Coded Caching Scheme for Partially Connected Linear Networks Via Multi-antenna Placement Delivery Array
In this paper, we study the coded caching scheme for the
partially connected linear network, where
there are files each of which has an equal size, transmitters and
users; each user and transmitter caches at most and
files respectively; each user cyclically communicates with
transmitters. The goal is to design caching and delivery schemes to reduce the
transmission latency measured by the metric normalized delivery time (NDT). By
delicately designing the data placement of the transmitters and users according
to the topology, we show that a combinatorial structure called multiple-antenna
placement delivery array (MAPDA), which was originally proposed for the
multiple-input single-output broadcast channels, can be also used to design
schemes for the partially connected linear network. Then, based on existing
MAPDAs and our constructing approach, we propose new schemes that achieve the
optimal NDT when and smaller NDT than that
of the existing schemes when (,
) or (). Moreover, our schemes operate in one-shot
linear delivery and significantly reduce the subpacketizations compared to the
existing scheme, which implies that our schemes have a wider range of
applications and lower complexity of implementation.Comment: 13 page
Study on the mixing performance of static mixers in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a promising technique for reducing nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. Static mixers are widely used in SCR systems before reactors to promote the mixing of ammonia and exhaust streams. This work aims to investigate the effects of the location of static mixers and the volume ratio of two species on mixing quality using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The simulation results show that a more homogenous ammonia distribution can be achieved at the exit of the pipe if static mixers are placed close to the ammonia injection point or if more ammonia is injected. Another phenomenon found in the study is that the mixing performance of an identical static mixer may behave discrepantly under different flow conditions if using B and C as the evaluating indexes for mixing homogenization
Nonlinear System Dynamic Reliability Analysis Using Equivalent Duffing System Method
Equivalent linearization method is the main approach for nonlinear structural system random response analysis. But it will generate big error that using the random response results of equivalent linearization method to analyze the structural dynamic reliability. In order to improve the analysis precision of dynamic reliability of nonlinear system, an equivalent nonlinear system method is presented in this paper. In this method general nonlinear systems are converted to equivalent Duffing nonlinear system according to minimum mean square error principle, whose exact analytic solution of steady state of random responses can be worked out by Fokker Planck Kolmogorov equation (FPK equation). Then the exact results of stochastic response processes are used for the analysis of structural dynamic reliability. So it is not only convenient for calculation but also with high degree of accuracy for the results that using the equivalent nonlinear system method to analyze structural dynamic reliability. In addition, the equivalent nonlinear system adopted in this work has a parameterεwhich controls the degree of nonlinear. Thus we can obtain conveniently the analysis results of converting the original system to equivalent nonlinear systems with different degree of nonlinear by changing the value of the parameterε. In particular, when the parameter ε is equal to zero we can obtain the analysis results of equivalent linearization method. It is shown from the example analysis that the analysis results of equivalent nonlinear system method presented in this paper is reliable and the calculation accuracy is higher than equivalent linear system method apparently
Malicious Package Detection in NPM and PyPI using a Single Model of Malicious Behavior Sequence
Open-source software (OSS) supply chain enlarges the attack surface, which
makes package registries attractive targets for attacks. Recently, package
registries NPM and PyPI have been flooded with malicious packages. The
effectiveness of existing malicious NPM and PyPI package detection approaches
is hindered by two challenges. The first challenge is how to leverage the
knowledge of malicious packages from different ecosystems in a unified way such
that multi-lingual malicious package detection can be feasible. The second
challenge is how to model malicious behavior in a sequential way such that
maliciousness can be precisely captured. To address the two challenges, we
propose and implement Cerebro to detect malicious packages in NPM and PyPI. We
curate a feature set based on a high-level abstraction of malicious behavior to
enable multi-lingual knowledge fusing. We organize extracted features into a
behavior sequence to model sequential malicious behavior. We fine-tune the BERT
model to understand the semantics of malicious behavior. Extensive evaluation
has demonstrated the effectiveness of Cerebro over the state-of-the-art as well
as the practically acceptable efficiency. Cerebro has successfully detected 306
and 196 new malicious packages in PyPI and NPM, and received 385 thank letters
from the official PyPI and NPM teams
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